不動産登記とは(仮訳)

Real Property Registration System
The real property (real estate) registration system differs in content depending on the country.
In Japan, land and buildings are treated as separate and distinct real property, and registration can also be made separately. This way of thinking and system are similar to those in Taiwan and South Korea, whereas buildings are considered attached to land and rights establishment, registration and transaction cannot be made for solely
buildings in Germany, France, the U.K., the U.S., Australia and other Western countries.
In addition, the indefeasibility of registration also varies depending on the country.
Here is a brief explanation of the real property registration system in Japan.

不動産登記とは
不動産登記は、大切な財産である土地や建物の所在・面積のほか、所有者の住所・氏名などを公の帳簿(登記簿)に記載し、これを一般公開することにより、権利関係などの状況が誰にでもわかるようにし、取引の安全と円滑をはかる役割を果たすものである。
不動産登記法に基づき登記することができる権利は、所有権、地上権、永小作権、地役権、先取特権、質権、抵当権、賃借権、採石権の9種である。占有権、入会権、留置権、使用貸借権は登記できない。
日本では土地と建物は別々の不動産として取り扱われ、登記も別々に行うことができる。

Real Property Registration System
About Real Property Registration
Real property registration is a system for land and buildings, being valuable property, in which the location and area, as well as the owners’ address and name, etc. are stated in a public book (registry) and such made open to
the public, thereby serving the role of making the rights relationship and other status clear to everyone and contributing to the safe and smooth conduct of transactions.
Pursuant to the Real Property Registration Act, there are nine types of rights that can be registered: ownership, superficies, farming right, servitude, statutory lien, pledge, mortgage, right of lease and right of quarrying.
Registrations cannot be made for right of possessory, right of common, right of retention and right of loan for use.
In Japan, land and buildings are treated as separate real property, and registration can also be made separately.
Effect of Registration
(1) Perfection
Acquisitions of, losses of and changes in real rights concerning immovable properties may not be asserted against third parties, unless the same are registered pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Real Property Registration Act and other laws regarding registration (Civil Code Article 177).
The order of priority of rights registered in relation to the same real property shall, unless otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, follow the chronological order of registration (Real Property Registration Act Article 4).
(2) Indefeasibility
A party who has engaged in a transaction of real property having trusted the description in the registration is entitled to acquire such rights under certain requirements even if the registered right holder does not seem to be the true right holder.
Indefeasibility does not apply to registration in Japan. Accordingly, no matter if real property is purchased from a registered right holder thinking that the registered right holder is the true owner, real property cannot be taken away from the true owner if there is a true owner.

登記の効力
(1)対抗力
不動産に関する物権の得喪及び変更は、不動産登記法その他の登記に関する法律の定めるところに従いその登記をしなければ、第三者に対抗することができない(民法177条)。
同一の不動産について登記した権利の順位は、法令に別段の定めがある場合を除き、登記の前後による(不動産登記法第4条)。
(2)公信力
登記上の表示を信頼して不動産の取引をした者は、たとえ登記名義人が真実の権利者でないような場合でも、一定の要件のもとでその権利を取得することが認められる。
日本では、登記の公信力を認めていない。したがって、いくら登記名義人が真実の所有者と思って、その者から不動産を買い受けたとしても、真の所有者がいる場合には、その所有者から不動産を取り上げることは認められない。


Registry Offices
Registry offices are divided between those that conduct registration affairs using a computer system by preparing a registry on a magnetic disk (“computer-based offices”) and those that conduct registration affairs by keeping a registry in binder format in which land/building registration forms are organized in files (“book-based offices”).
(1) Computer-based offices
A registry is prepared on a magnetic disk. At computer-based offices, anyone can be issued a certificate of registered matters (document certifying the whole or part of the registered matters) and anyone can be issued a written outline of registered matters (document stating the outline of registered matters) by submitting a prescribed request form. This certificate of registered matters is the same content as a transcript or extract of a registry.
(2) Book-based offices
A registry, which organizes registration forms in files, consist of a land registry and a building registry. At bookbased offices, anyone can be issued a transcript or extract of a registry and anyone can inspect a registry by submitting a prescribed request form.

登記所
登記所には、磁気ディスクをもって登記簿を調製し、コンピュータ・システムにより登記事務を行っている登記所(以下「コンピュータ庁」)と、土地・建物の登記用紙をつづって編成したバインダー式の登記簿を備え登記事務を行っている登記所(以下「ブック庁」)がある。
(1) コンピュータ庁
登記簿は磁気ディスクをもって調製されている。コンピュータ庁では、所定の請求書を提出すると、だれでも登記事項証明書(登記事項の全部又は一部を証明した書面)の交付を受けることができ、また、だれでも登記事項要約書(登記事項の概要を記載した書面)の交付を受けることができる。なお、この登記事項証明書は、登記簿の謄本・抄本と同じ内容のものである。
(2) ブック庁
登記用紙をつづって編成されている登記簿には、土地登記簿と建物登記簿がある。ブック庁では、所定の請求書を提出すると、だれでも登記簿の謄本・抄本の交付を受けることができ、また、だれでも登記簿を閲覧することができる。

Real Property Registration System
Registration Record (Registry)
A registration is made through the process in which a registrar records matters to be registered in a registry.
A registration record is prepared separately for the heading section and the rights section for each parcel (lot) of land or each building. Furthermore, the rights section is categorized into section A and section B, where matters to be registered in the registration of ownership are recorded in section A and matters to be registered
in the registration of rights other than ownership are recorded in section B.
(1) Matters to be recorded in the heading section
Land: Location, parcel number, land category (current state of land), parcel area (area of land), etc.
Building: Location, parcel number, building number, type, structure, floor area, etc.
(registration in the heading section referred to as “registration of description”)
For condominiums and other condominium units, there are cases in which the right to use the site of the building (right of site) is recorded. For the rights relationship concerning this right of site, public notice is given by registration in section A and section B of the condominium unit.
(2) Matters to be recorded in the rights section (section A)
Matters concerning the owner are recorded, showing who the owner is and when and for what cause (sale/purchase, inheritance, etc.) ownership was acquired (registration of transfer of ownership, provisional registration of ownership, seizure, provisional disposition, etc.).
(3) Matters to be recorded in the rights section (section B)
Matters concerning mortgage and other rights other than ownership are recorded (establishment of mortgage, establishment of superficies, establishment of servitude, etc.).

不動産登記制度
登記記録(登記簿)
登記は、登記官が登記簿に登記事項を記録することによって行われる。
登記記録は、1筆(1区画)の土地又は1個の建物ごとに表題部と権利部に区分して作成される。さらに、権利部は甲区と乙区に区分され、甲区には所有権に関する登記の登記事項が、乙区には所有権以外の権利に関する登記の登記事項がそれぞれ記録される。
(1 ) 表題部の記録事項
土地・・・所在、地番、地目(土地の現況)、地積(土地の面積)など
建物・・・所在、地番、家屋番号、種類、構造、床面積など
(表題部にする登記を「表示に関する登記」という)
マンションなどの区分建物については、その建物の敷地に関する権利(敷地権)が記録される場合がある。この敷地権についての権利関係は、区分建物の甲区、乙区の登記によって公示される。
(2 ) 権利部(甲区)の記録事項
所有者に関する事項が記録される。その所有者は誰で、いつ、どんな原因(売買、相続など)で所有権を取得したかが分かる(所有権移転登記、所有権に関する仮登記、差押え、仮処分など)。
(3 ) 権利部(乙区)の記録事項
抵当権など所有権以外の権利に関する事項が記録される(抵当権設定、地上権設定、地役権設定など)。

合同会社の登記記録(仮訳)

Registration of the limited liability company
合同会社の登記
商号
Trade Name 合同会社横浜菓子本舗
Godo-kaisha Yokohamakashihonpo
本店
Location of the Head Office 横浜市戸塚区戸塚町20番地
20,Totsuka-Cho,Totsuka-ku,Yokohama-City
公告をする方法
Method of Public Notice 官報に掲載してする
Public notice of this Company shall be given in the Official Gazette
(Kampo).
会社成立の年月日
The date of the incorporation of the company 平成19年10月1日
October 1, 2007
目的
Business Purpose 1 和菓子の製造販売
1, Production and selling of Wagashi
2 上記に附帯する一切の事業
2, To act any and all lawful purposes incidental to the purposes set forth above.
資本金の額
Capital 金500万円
JY 5,000,000
社員に関する事項
The names of the Company’s Members, and the names and addresses of the Company’s Representative Members and the representative in Japan are;
業務執行社員 
The member who execute the business
甲野商事株式会社
Kounosyouji Kabushiki-kaisha
業務執行社員 
Th e member who execute the business
山田 太郎
Taro Yamada
横浜市中区山下町15番地
15,Yamashita-Cho,Naka-Ku,Yokohama-city
代表社員 
Representative Member
甲野商事株式会社
Kounosyouji Kabushiki-kaisha
横浜市中区山下町15番地
15,Yamashita-Cho,Naka-Ku,Yokohama-city
職務執行者
Executive Manager 
田中 次郎
Jiro Tanaka
登記記録に関する事項
Registration Record
設立Incorporation
平成19年10月1日登記
October 1, 2007 Recording

外国会社の登記(試訳) Registration of the Foreign Company.

 

第1 初めて日本における代表者を定める登記
1 Registration of the Foreign Company specifies its representative(s) in Japan the first time.

1 日本に営業所を設置しない場合
1 If the Foreign Company that is not established the business office in Japan.
(代表者住所地における登記 会社法第933条第1項第1号)
(Registry in the address of its presentative in Japan. (Companies act Article 936(1)(ⅰ))

商号
The Trade Name アメリカンジムアンドメアリコーポレーション
Jim & Mary Corporation
本店
The Location of the Head Office アメリカ合衆国カリフォルニア州ロサンゼルス市ハーバ通4番地
4 Harbor Street, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
公告をする方法
The Method of Public Notice 官報に掲載してする
Public notice of this Company shall be given in the Official Gazette (Campo).

(準拠法の規定による公告)
(Method of public notice ruled by the law under which the company is organized )

ロサンゼルス市で発行されるアメリカン・ポスト紙に掲載してする
The public notices of the Company shall be made by publicizing the same at the American Post published in Los Angeles, U.S.A.

会社設立の準拠法
The law under which the Company is organized
アメリカ合衆国カリフォルニア州会社法
The company law of State of California, U.S.A.
会社成立の年月日
The date of the incorporation of the company 昭和40年1月1日
January 1, 1965

目的
The Business Purpose 1 コンピュータ及び関連機器の輸出入及び販売
1 sales, export and import of computers and their relevant
Equipment
2 コンピュータ用ソフトウェア及び映像、音楽、ゲーム等のデジタルコンテンツの輸出入及び販売.
2 sales, export and import of software for computers and digital
content such as visual, music, and games.
3 上記に附帯する一切の事業
3 To act any and all lawful purposes incidental to the purposes set forth above.
発行可能株式総数
The total number of shares of all classes authorized to be issued by the Company 5万株
50,000 shares
発行済株式の総数並びに種類及び数
The total number of the issued shares; / and the number of each class of the issued shares.
発行済株式の総数
The total number of all classes of shares issued
3万株
30,000 shares
資本金の額
The stated Capital 30万米ドル
$300,000

役員に関する事項
The names of the Company’s directors, and the names and addresses of the Company’s representative directors and the representative in Japan 取締役 ジム・ブラウン
The Director  Jim Brown
取締役 メアリー・ブラウン
The Director  Mary Brown
取締役 ジョン・ホフマン
The Director  John Hoffman
代表取締役
アメリカ合衆国カリフォルニ 州ロサンゼルス市ダウンタウン8番地
ジム・ブラウン
Representative Director
8 Downtown, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Jim Brown

東京都渋谷区宇田川町1番10号
日本における代表者
ロバート・ウィリアム
Representative in Japan
1-10 Udagawa-cho, Shibuya Ward, Tokyo
Robert William
支店
The Japan Branch 1
3 Sunset Street, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.
登記記録に関する事項
About the Registration Record matter
平成19年10月1日日本における代表者選任
October 1 2007 the company’s representative in Japan election

平成19年10月8日登記
October 8, 2007 Recording.


2 日本に営業所を設置した場合
2 If the Foreign Company that is established the business office in Japan.

(営業所所在地における登記 会社法第933条第1項第2号の登記)
(Registration of the business office in Japan. Registration of Companies act Article 936(1)(ⅱ))

支店
The Japan Branch 1
アメリカ合衆国カリフォルニア州サンフランシスコ市サンセット通3番地
Sunset Street 3, Sanfrancisco, CA, United States.

東京都渋谷区宇田川町1番10号

1-10 Udagawa-cho, Shibuya Ward, Tokyo.


登記記録に関する事項
About the Registration Record matter
平成19年10月1日営業所設置
October 1, 2007, the business office establish.

平成19年10月8日登記
October 8, 2007 Recording.

抵当権抹消登記申請手続きのご案内(試訳)

Introduction, The application about registry of cancellation mortgage.

November, 2015
The MINISTRY OF JUSTICE・〇〇Legal Affairs Bureaus
[For 〇〇Banking]


The news
If you apply registry of cancellation mortgage, you may write the mortgagee’s (Including Financial Institution) Corporate Number in the application for registry from 2, November, 2015. (Note1)

So, you don’t append certificate of registered information of mortgagee’s representative.

Receipt by 30, October 2015, you shall append certificate of registered of information of Financial Institution’s representative.

Receipt from 2, November, 2015, you may write the Financial Institution’s Corporate Number. (Note2)

(Note1) Real Property Registration Order Cabinet Order No. 379 of December 1, 2004.Article 7 (1) (I) イ.
 
(Note2) The mortgagee’s Corporate Number is 1234567890123. 13 digits

Please look Legal Affairs Bureau’s home page if you want to know execution process about the application of registry of cancellation mortgage.

If you apply the application of registry, you shall append following 1, 2, and 3. If the mortgagee (Including Financial Institution) changes trade mark or the head office or both alteration, you shall append following 4.

1 The information certifying Cause of Registration (Including mortgagee execute rescission deed).

2 The power of attorney (The mortgagee execute power of attorney. For example, if you don’t write date of issue of 1 or 2 or both, you can’t registry. Please you hear mortgagee).

3 The Information for Registration Identification or Registration Certificate (You need the writing of registry mortgagee creation that the mortgagee issuance or provision ).

4 The alteration certificate (Including the mortgagee lent the closed registration record certificate or the closed registry copy).

You may instruct at your discretion Shiho-shoshi (Solicitor) to execute application about registry of cancellation mortgage.
You may instruct at your discretion Shiho-shoshi (Solicitor) to apply registry of cancellation mortgage application.

You may excuses Shiho-shoshi (Solicitor) in Shiho-shoshi (Solicitor) excursion page of Japan Federation of Shiho-shoshi Associations’ home page by the name or the place name.
You may get information of the office address and the name of the Shiho-shoshi (Solicitor).

The Shiho-shoshi Association implement registry consultation in the each
place.
You may excuses the near Shiho-shoshi Association in Japan Federation of Shiho-shoshi Associations’ home page at Shiho-shoshi (Solicitor) general consultation center page. You may affirmance the date, the place, the process, the content, and the appointment of registry consultation by the page

Please look Legal Affairs Bureau’s home page if you want to know that you
apply registry to Legal Affairs Bureau’s.

 

抵当権(試訳)Mortgage


意義 

債務者又は第三者(物上保証人)が、債務の担保に供した不動産や一定の権利などの目的物を担保提供者の使用収益に任せておきながら、債務不履行の場合にその目的物の価額から優先弁済を受けることを内容とする担保物権。

The Teitouken of security real rights has contents of following.
The Teitoukensya take the security as the immovable property, the fixed right and the like from the obligor or the third party.
The Teitouken Setteisya can use and profit at the immovable property, the fixed right and the like that he provided. The Teitouken Setteisya’s owner ship isn’t transfer.
If the obligor go into default, the Teitoukensya have the right to receive the performance of his claim prior to other obliges out of the immovable properties.

特定の債権を担保するいわゆる普通抵当権と、不特定の債権を担保する根抵当権の2種類がある。

The Teitouken secure identification claim.
The Neteitouken secure unspecified claim.

質権とともに当事者の合意(設定契約)によって成立する約定担保物権の一種であるが、質権においては、目的物を債権者に引き渡す必要があるのに対し、抵当権においては、これを設定者の手元に置きその使用収益に任せながら債権者の優先弁済権が確保されるため、工場の敷地・建物その他の生産手段を担保とする信用授受に極めて有効な手段となっている。

The Teitouken and the pledge effect caused by agreement of the party.
The Teitouken and the pledge are conventional security real rights.
The pledger should deliver over the subject matter to pledgee.
The Teitouken Setteisya can use and profit at the immovable property, the fixed right and the like that he provided.
The Teitoukensya have the right to receive the performance of his claim prior to other obliges.
The Teitouken is good means because it secure for the factory premise, the building and the like.
——————————————————————————————————-
参考:
「法律用語小辞典第4版補訂版」金子宏、新堂幸司、平井宣雄
2008 有斐閣

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